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1.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 24(2): 133-142, 2023 02 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36661419

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We present a systematic review on the effectiveness of noninvasive respiratory support techniques in bronchiolitis. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review with pairwise meta-analyses of all studies and network meta-analyses of the clinical trials. STUDY SELECTION: Patients below 24 months old with bronchiolitis who require noninvasive respiratory support were included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCT, and cohort studies in which high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was compared with conventional low-flow oxygen therapy (LFOT) and/or noninvasive ventilation (NIV). DATA EXTRACTION: Emergency wards and hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 3,367 patients were analyzed in 14 RCTs and 8,385 patients in 14 non-RCTs studies. Only in nonexperimental studies, HFNC is associated with a lower risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) than NIV (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.42-0.58), with no differences in experimental studies. There were no differences between HFNC and NIV in other outcomes. HFNC is more effective than LFOT in reducing oxygen days and treatment failure. In the network meta-analyses of clinical trials, NIV was the most effective intervention to avoid invasive MV (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 57.03%) and to reduce days under oxygen therapy (SUCRA, 79.42%), although crossover effect estimates between interventions showed no significant differences. The included studies show methodological heterogeneity, but it is only statistically significant for the reduction of days of oxygen therapy and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental evidence does not suggest that high-flow oxygen therapy has advantages over LFOT as initial treatment nor over NIV as a rescue treatment.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis , Noninvasive Ventilation , Humans , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Cannula , Network Meta-Analysis , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Oxygen , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Infant
2.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 96(6): 485-491, jun. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206066

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Evaluar el impacto de la incorporación de la oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) en pacientes ingresados con bronquiolitis aguda en un hospital sin unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes con control histórico de bronquiolitis ingresadas en un hospital de segundo nivel, antes (2009-2012) y después (2015-2020) de la introducción de OAF. La medida principal de efecto fue necesidad de traslado a UCIP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 301 pacientes. En el 64,7% se identificó virus respiratorio sincitial y en el 0,3%, virus de la gripe. No se observaron diferencias en la edad ni en la comorbilidad entre períodos. La media de la estancia en planta fue de 3,67días (desviación estándar [DE]: 2,10) en la primera etapa y de 4,00 días (DE: 2,35) en la segunda etapa. Fueron trasladados a UCIP tres pacientes en el período 2009-2012 (2,6%) y 13 pacientes (9,4%) en el período 2015-2020, lo que supuso un importante aumento de riesgo (riesgo relativo 3,58; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 1,04 a 12,27), aunque no significativo en los análisis ajustados (odds ratio: 3,48; IC95%: 0,95 a 12,72).También se observó un aumento significativo de reingresos (del 5,3 al 13,7%) y un acortamiento del tiempo hasta el traslado. Conclusiones: La incorporación de la OAF en planta no se asoció a menor riesgo de traslado a UCIP ni a menor duración de la oxigenoterapia. En ausencia de evidencia que apoye la eficacia y eficiencia de la OAF y establezca sus indicaciones, debemos revaluar su uso. (AU)


Introduction: To estimate the impact of the incorporation of high-flow nasal cannule (HFNC) in patients admitted with acute bronchiolitis in a hospital without pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Material and methods: Cohort study with historical control of bronchiolitis in a second-level hospital, before (2009-2012) and after (2015-2020) the implementation of HFNC. The main outcome was the need for admission to the PICU. Results: 301 patients were included. Respiratory syncytial viruses were identified in 64.7% of them and influenza viruses in 0.3%. No differences in age nor comorbility between periods were observed. The average stay was 3.67days (standard deviation [SE]: 2.10) in the first period and 4.00 days (SE: 2.35) in the second. Three patients were transferred to PICU (2.6%) before the availability of HFNC and 13 patients (9.4%) after, which supposed an important increase of the risk (relative risk 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 12.27), although not significant in adjusted analyses (odds ratio 3.48; 95%CI: 0.95 to 12.72). A significant increase in readmission risk was also observed (from 5.3% to 13.7%) and a shortening of the time to transfer. Conclusions: The incorporation of HFNC was not associated with a lower risk of transfer to PICU nor a shorter length of oxygen therapy. In the absence of evidence, that supports the effectiveness and efficiency of the HFNC and establishes its indications, we must reassess its use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Health Sciences , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Bronchiolitis , Cohort Studies , Bronchiolitis/drug therapy , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis
3.
Rev Neurol ; 60(10): 433-8, 2015 May 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25952597

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Status epilepticus is defined as either recurring seizures without regaining consciousness between them or one single seizure lasting more than 30 minutes. AIMS: To perform a descriptive analysis of the most relevant data on the patients with status epilepticus who were admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to review the risk factors associated to status epilepticus with a poor prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study was conducted of the main variables of the patients with status epilepticus hospitalised in the PICU of a tertiary hospital over a period of six years. RESULTS: Data were collected on a total of 68 patients (55.9% males), the mean age being 3.7 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were generalised tonic-clonic seizures (50%). The mean duration of the status epilepticus was 51.44 minutes. The mean number of antiepileptic drugs used to stem the seizures was 3.21 and the mean number of drugs used prior to admission to the PICU was 2.37. The most commonly used first choice drug was diazepam (83.8%) administered rectally (75%), followed by intravenous diazepam (52.9%) in second place and phenytoin was the most frequently used drug as the third choice. The most usual cause of status epilepticus was having previously suffered from epilepsy (33.9%), and Dravet's syndrome was the most frequent epileptic causation. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of status epilepticus is complex and requires multidisciplinary and personalised management. Protocols and clinical guidelines need to be drawn up and reviewed to achieve an adequate management of these patients.


TITLE: Analisis descriptivo y estadistico del tratamiento de estados epilepticos en un hospital de referencia.Introduccion. Los estados epilepticos se definen como crisis recurrentes sin recuperacion de la conciencia entre ellas o una sola crisis de mas de 30 minutos. Objetivos. Realizar un analisis descriptivo de los datos mas relevantes de pacientes con estados epilepticos ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediatricos (UCIP) y revisar los factores de riesgo asociados a estado epileptico de mal pronostico. Pacientes y metodos. Se estudiaron las variables principales de los pacientes ingresados en la UCIP con estado epileptico de un hospital terciario en un periodo de seis años. Resultados. Se recogieron 68 pacientes (el 55,9%, varones) con una edad media de 3,7 años. La semiologia mas frecuente fue en forma de crisis tonicoclonicas generalizadas (50%). La duracion media de los estados epilepticos fue de 51,44 minutos. Se utilizaron 3,21 farmacos antiepilepticos de media para yugular las crisis, y la media de farmacos utilizados previamente al ingreso en la UCIP fue de 2,37. El farmaco de primera linea mas utilizado fue el diacepam (83,8%) rectal (75%), seguido del diacepam (52,9%) por via intravenosa en segundo lugar, y la fenitoina fue el farmaco mas utilizado como tercera linea. La causa mas frecuente de estado epileptico fue padecer epilepsia previa (33,9%), y el sindrome de Dravet fue la etiologia epileptica mas frecuente. Conclusiones. El tratamiento de los estados epilepticos es complejo y exige un manejo multidisciplinar e individualizado. Es necesaria la elaboracion y revision de protocolos y guias clinicas para un adecuado manejo de estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Status Epilepticus/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Algorithms , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Cerebral Palsy/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Disease Management , Drug Resistance , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/epidemiology , Epilepsy, Generalized/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(10): 433-438, 16 mayo, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-137832

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los estados epilépticos se definen como crisis recurrentes sin recuperación de la conciencia entre ellas o una sola crisis de más de 30 minutos. Objetivos. Realizar un análisis descriptivo de los datos más relevantes de pacientes con estados epilépticos ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) y revisar los factores de riesgo asociados a estado epiléptico de mal pronóstico. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron las variables principales de los pacientes ingresados en la UCIP con estado epiléptico de un hospital terciario en un período de seis años. Resultados. Se recogieron 68 pacientes (el 55,9%, varones) con una edad media de 3,7 años. La semiología más frecuente fue en forma de crisis tonicoclónicas generalizadas (50%). La duración media de los estados epilépticos fue de 51,44 minutos. Se utilizaron 3,21 fármacos antiepilépticos de media para yugular las crisis, y la media de fármacos utilizados previamente al ingreso en la UCIP fue de 2,37. El fármaco de primera línea más utilizado fue el diacepam (83,8%) rectal (75%), seguido del diacepam (52,9%) por vía intravenosa en segundo lugar, y la fenitoína fue el fármaco más utilizado como tercera línea. La causa más frecuente de estado epiléptico fue padecer epilepsia previa (33,9%), y el síndrome de Dravet fue la etiología epiléptica más frecuente. Conclusiones. El tratamiento de los estados epilépticos es complejo y exige un manejo multidisciplinar e individualizado. Es necesaria la elaboración y revisión de protocolos y guías clínicas para un adecuado manejo de estos pacientes (AU)


Introduction. Status epilepticus is defined as either recurring seizures without regaining consciousness between them or one single seizure lasting more than 30 minutes. Aims. To perform a descriptive analysis of the most relevant data on the patients with status epilepticus who were admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to review the risk factors associated to status epilepticus with a poor prognosis. Patients and methods. A study was conducted of the main variables of the patients with status epilepticus hospitalised in the PICU of a tertiary hospital over a period of six years. Results. Data were collected on a total of 68 patients (55.9% males), the mean age being 3.7 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were generalised tonic-clonic seizures (50%). The mean duration of the status epilepticus was 51.44 minutes. The mean number of antiepileptic drugs used to stem the seizures was 3.21 and the mean number of drugs used prior to admission to the PICU was 2.37. The most commonly used first choice drug was diazepam (83.8%) administered rectally (75%), followed by intravenous diazepam (52.9%) in second place and phenytoin was the most frequently used drug as the third choice. The most usual cause of status epilepticus was having previously suffered from epilepsy (33.9%), and Dravet’s syndrome was the most frequent epileptic causation. Conclusions. Treatment of status epilepticus is complex and requires multidisciplinary and personalised management. Protocols and clinical guidelines need to be drawn up and reviewed to achieve an adequate management of these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Epilepsy/pathology , Epilepsy/psychology , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/instrumentation , Pediatrics/education , Pediatrics/methods , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/pathology , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/psychology , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/metabolism , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Pediatrics/instrumentation , Pediatrics , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/genetics
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